FAQ — Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Injections for Osteoarthritis

What are hyaluronic acid (HA) injections?

- HA injections, also called Visco-supplementation, deliver hyaluronic acid — a natural lubricant found in joint fluid — into a joint to improve cushioning and movement.

How do HA injections work?

- Restore joint fluid: OA reduces natural HA. Injected HA adds lubrication and cushioning. 

- Improve movement: Better lubrication lowers friction between joint surfaces. 

- Reduce pain and stiffness: Improved cushioning often decreases pain and makes movement easier. 

- Support tissues: HA may have mild anti-inflammatory effects and help surrounding tissues function better.

Who is a good candidate?

- People with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis who still have joint space on X‑ray. 

- Those who haven’t found adequate relief from exercise, weight loss, physical therapy, or oral pain medicines. 

- People who want to delay or avoid surgery. 

Note: Not everyone benefits; individual responses vary.

Which joints can be treated?

- Most commonly the knee. Also sometimes the hip, ankle, shoulder, and thumb.

What does the treatment involve?

- A single injection. 

- The provider cleans the area and injects the HA into the joint.

- You should avoid strenuous activity for 24–48 hours.

When will I feel improvement and how long does it last?

- Many patients notice improvement within a few weeks.  Faster pain relief may be gained from using a combined injection of Corticosteroid and HA.

- Effects commonly last 6 months or longer. 

- Results vary, some get substantial relief, others partial or none.

What are the benefits?

- Can reduce pain and improve joint function for several months. 

- May reduce the need for oral pain medicines. 

- Minimally invasive and performed in clinic. 

- Option to postpone joint replacement.

What are the risks and side effects?

- Common: injection pain or temporary soreness, local swelling, warmth, or redness for a few days. 

- Rare: allergic reaction. 

- Very rare but serious: joint infection (requires urgent treatment). 

- Some patients may not experience benefit.

Who should not get HA injections?

- People with active joint or nearby skin infections. 

- Those with known allergy to the HA product components. 

- Some inflammatory arthritis conditions — discuss with your clinician.

How do HA injections compare with other treatments?

- HA is one option among exercise, weight loss, physical therapy, oral pain medicines, corticosteroid injections, Off-loader bracing and surgery. 

- Evidence shows mixed but meaningful benefit for many patients, especially for knee OA and earlier-stage disease. Your clinician can advise which fits your situation.

What should I ask my clinician before treatment?

- Is this likely to help my specific joint and OA stage? 

- Which HA product do you recommend and why? 

- How many injections will I need and how often can they be repeated? 

- What are the costs and is it covered by insurance? 

- What alternatives should I consider?

What are corticosteroid injections used for in MSK conditions?

They are used to reduce inflammation and pain in conditions like bursitis, tendinitis, arthritis, and localized joint or soft tissue inflammation.

How quickly do corticosteroid injections work?

Relief can often be felt within days, with maximum benefit typically seen in 1-2 weeks.

How long does the pain relief last?

Duration varies; some experience weeks of relief, but repeated injections may lead to diminishing returns.

Are there risks or side effects?

Yes, including joint infection, cartilage damage, skin atrophy, tendon weakening, and potential systemic effects if absorbed.

Can corticosteroid injections be repeated?

Yes, but typically limited to a few times per year to minimize tissue damage and other risks.

Who should avoid corticosteroid injections?

Individuals with infections, allergies to steroids, or certain systemic conditions should avoid them or use cautiously.

Are corticosteroid injections a cure?

No, they primarily manage symptoms, and underlying issues may require additional therapies.

Can I continue normal activities after injection?

Usually, yes, but a healthcare provider may recommend a period of rest or activity modification immediately after the injection.